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"Half brother, half son." That is how Justice Louis D. Brandeis, in 1925,
described his feelings for his younger friend Felix Frankfurter, whose
judicial robe was inherited by Judge Charles E. Wyzanski and later left
to me. "Half brother, half son" is also how I have come to think of Scott
Kafker since we met in July, 1985.
I was then 38 and Scott was 26. I had practiced law in Washington D.C.
and Boston. I had also been a Special Assistant to Attorney General Edward
Levi, the former President of the University of Chicago who had done so
much to restore confidence in the Department of Justice in the aftermath
of Watergate. More recently, I had been Deputy United States Attorney
and Chief of the Public Corruption Unit in United States Attorney Bill
Weld's office, where I worked closely with Bob Cordy. I had just become
a United States District Judge and I needed a law clerk for the following
year. So I wrote to Gerhardt Casper, the Dean of the University of Chicago
Law School, looking for prospects and I heard from Scott.
Scott had already graduated and had acquired a clerkship with Charles
Levin, a distinguished Justice of the Supreme Court of Michigan. He was,
however, planning to move to Boston, wanted to do public interest litigation
and, he wrote, thought "a district court clerkship with [me] would be
an ideal experience."
Scott presented the conventional credentials for a competitive candidate.
He had graduated from Amherst College with Honors and been an editor of
the Chicago Law Review.
Scott arrived for his interview in a spiffy new suit. I later learned
Lea Ann had dressed him up for the occasion.
In that interview, Scott told me about his respect for his parents, both
historians and teachers, and how his mother had become a lawyer.
We also talked about my friend Bill Ward, who had brought his extraordinary
ability and integrity to the leadership of a Commission, which did exemplary
work investigating public corruption in Massachusetts, after serving as
President of Amherst while Scott was an undergraduate.
A month later Bill committed suicide. After reading a piece I published
in the Boston Globe on the day of the memorial service for Bill, Scott
wrote me a letter that reveals something meaningful, I think, about the
man who becomes a judge today. Scott said:
I am very glad you wrote such a moving tribute to John William Ward. By
the time I arrived at Amherst Ward had been its President almost a decade.
His intellectual and moral leadership had transformed the school. Despite
opposition from an outraged Board of Trustees, he had led a protest against
the Viet Nam War and championed the drive for coeducation. He also renewed
Amherst's commitment to minorities, a commitment that had brought Charles
Houston, William Hastie, and a number of other minority students to Amherst
when the doors were closed at other elite schools.
As Scott knew, but few now remember, William Hastie was our nation's first
African American Federal Court of Appeals Judge. Edward Levi was among
his many admirers.
Scott and I also talked about Edward. Scott had taken Edward's legendary
Introduction to Legal Reasoning course at the University of Chicago Law
School. He has, I know, recently been rereading Edward's classic book
by the same name.
Scott reported that, like generations of students before him, he had been
awed and intimidated by Edward's mind and manner. Although he had made
a good grade, Scott confessed that he understood only a small fraction
of what Edward had been trying to teach. I knew what Scott was talking
about. Edward's Delphic brilliance had often kept me and many others anxious
and uncertain about whether we had understood him as well.
Finally, Scott and I had an excellent discussion about Brandeis and Justice
Oliver Wendell Holmes. I had been reading a lot by and about both of them
since being nominated to become a judge the year before.
Of course, I offered Scott the clerkship. It was one of the best decisions
I have ever made.
This is not to say that Scott was the perfect clerk on day one. In speaking
at the celebration arranged by my clerks for my tenth anniversary, Scott
recalled his first week at work. He said:
My initial assignment was to write a bench memo on a motion to suppress
involving a woman named Pirelli who said she was illegally coerced into
allowing the police to search her bags at Logan Airport. The main reason
for her being stopped was apparently that she was wearing blue jeans and
yellow stilletto heels on the Eastern shuttle. Apparently, the only person
more prejudiced than the cop was me. Before the hearing, I gave the Judge
a bench memo in which I not only set out the law, but found the facts
as well. The Judge suggested it might help us to listen to the evidence
first. It was not an auspicious beginning.
It was, however, a lesson in the importance of finding facts based on
credible evidence that the trial judges whose decisions Scott will soon
be reviewing should find encouraging.
Scott's work with me was excellent. Our collaboration in New Life Baptist
Church v. East Longmeadow, a very difficult First Amendment case, educated
me to understand the potential of a law clerk to contribute to the administration
of justice and to the life of the otherwise isolated trial judge. With
invaluable assistance from Scott, I decided the case in favor of the plaintiffs,
who believed they would spend eternity in hell if they obeyed a law that
required that they submit the private school they conducted as part of
their church for approval by the local school board. I know that Scott
shared, and remembers, my deep disappointment when my findings of fact
were altered on appeal and I was reversed. The pain was not diminished
much by the thought that Holmes and Brandeis were known in their time
as the "Great Dissenters."
However, many of my most vivid memories of Scott in the year he clerked
for me have nothing to do with specific cases. I recall the Chairman of
the National Labor Relations Board calling Scott to commend him on an
excellent law review article that Scott published in 1987. I remember
Scott patiently teaching my ten-year old, learning disabled son, Jonathan,
how to use the computer, which proved essential to Jonathan achieving
his significant academic potential. And I recall Scott going with me in
1986 to the memorial service at Harvard for Charles Wyzanski, where we
heard Edward Levi, Derek Bok, McGeorge Bundy, and Paul Freund speak movingly
about how a person could live a large and fulfilling life as a judge for
45 years.
In the year Scott served as my clerk, he demonstrated much of the promise
that has brought him here today. I would not, however, say he was perfectly
prepared to join the judiciary when he finished his clerkship in 1987.
Scott's judgment was still somewhat erratic.
For example, he demonstrated real wisdom in persuading Lea Ann to marry
him, scheduling his wedding for Labor Day weekend, and planning to take
his honeymoon before beginning another arduous job However, when he told
me that he was going to Bermuda for his honeymoon, I said I thought he
would be there during the height of the hurricane season. That had not
occurred to Scott. But, he assured me, the hotel rates were very modest.
Of course, a major hurricane hit Bermuda while Scott and Lea Ann were
there. That, however, only tested and strengthened their affection for
each other, as another, more serious challenge to Scott's health would
several years later.
On Scott's last day as a my clerk, I gave him the book that I have given
each of my clerks -- Mr. Justice Holmes, by Francis Biddle. Biddle was
Holmes' law clerk. He went on to become Attorney General of the United
States, and Edward Levi was his Special Assistant. I had worked for Edward,
and Scott had worked for me. Thus, we were each professionally descended
from Holmes -- a fact, I said, that refuted any theory of natural evolution
to a higher species.
In addition to expressing my gratitude, I inscribed Scott's volume of
Biddle's affectionate biography of Holmes with references to two of the
Justice's thoughts. First, I encouraged Scott to "share the passion and
action of his times at the peril of being judged not to have lived." Then,
again quoting Holmes, I wrote that I hoped Scott would also experience
"the secret, isolated joy of the thinker." Today, we know that benediction
approached being prophetic.
When Scott went to work at Foley, Hoag & Eliot, I took great pride and
pleasure in hearing regularly from Sandy Lynch and Dave Ellis that Scott
was an extraordinary associate. But while I had a succession of other
fine clerks, including Mike Boudett and Rich Weitzel who were recruited
by Scott, I missed Scott a lot.
To be sure, Scott and I played tennis in Boston and when he visited me
on Martha's Vineyard. We also began a practice of exchanging recommendations
on books. Most recently, Scott suggested two books he was reading -- Founding
Brothers, which is about the generation that formed our Constitution,
and Code, which explores the implications for constitutional issues, such
as the right to privacy, of decisions being made today almost covertly
by computer programmers.
But all of this was not enough. So I gave Scott the title of "Clerk for
Life," which Frankfurter had bestowed upon one of his favorites, and got
Scott involved in some of my extrajudicial activities.
In helping me plan a program on the trial of Adolph Eichmann, Scott earned
the admiration of Margaret Marshall, one of the panelists who was then
the President of the Boston Bar Association. Scott also worked with me
to develop a course on the role of the judge in our American, democratic
system, which I taught for several years at the Harvard and Boston College
Law Schools.
I in turn tried to help Scott follow in his parents' footsteps as he sought
an appointment to become a law school teacher. That process was interrupted,
however, when Scott developed cancer in early 1990. Fortunately, the disease
was treatable and successfully treated. But, as Scott recently testified
at his confirmation hearing, the cancer made him think deeply about what
he wanted to do with his life. He decided he wanted to dedicate much of
it to public service.
By late 1990, Scott was cured and Bill Weld had been elected Governor.
Although I was not involved in the campaign, my family and I spent the
weekend after the election with Bill and his family in New Hampshire.
As those of you who read the Boston Globe might expect, we spent most
of our time taking I.Q. tests. In between, however, we talked about how
Bill might staff his new administration.
I encouraged Bill's interest in recruiting Bob Cordy to become his counsel.
I also told Bill about Scott and urged him to find a way to employ his
talents. Scott subsequently became Bob's Deputy at the beginning of the
Weld-Cellucci administration.
It is, perhaps, not surprising that in that capacity Scott acquired the
respect of the Governor, the Lieutenant Governor, Bob Cordy, and Mark
Robinson, another former colleague of mine who was then serving as the
Governor's Chief of Staff. What is striking to me, however, is the degree
to which Scott also earned the respect of individuals who might have been
expected to be adversaries of the Weld-Cellucci administration.
I have recently spoken about Scott with the Senate President, Tom Birmingham,
and the Speaker of the House, Tom Finneran. The Senate President described
how impressed he was with Scott's mastery of detail, and how others marveled
at their discussions of the nuances of the labor arbitration provisions
of the Education Reform Bill. Speaker Finneran used almost the identical
words to describe his work with Scott in developing the legislation that
reformed the Workmen's Compensation System, and generously testified before
the Governor's Council on Scott's behalf.
Scott's experience with the leaders of the Executive and Legislative branches
of our state government gave him, I know, an enhanced appreciation for
the political process. It also reinforced his understanding of the important,
but defined and limited role of the judiciary in our democracy.
Scott's success as Deputy Counsel to the Governor led to his appointment,
in 1993, as the General Counsel of Massport. There, Scott became probably
the first executive in the history of the organization to decline a credit
card and a car. At Massport Scott worked with, and against, a wide range
of lawyers on a wide range of issues. He also came to know the real people
in the many communities impacted by Massport's activities. And for the
past five summers, Scott sponsored and mentored a John William Ward Public
Service Fellow from the Boston Latin School. As Mark Robinson, who became
Chairman of Massport, reports, over time Scott developed a wonderful reputation
for having good judgment, as well as great skill.
All of this has led to the high honor and opportunity Scott receives today.
He is joining the judiciary, which is an ultimate guardian of the institutions
and aspirations that have long made our nation the world's best hope.
Scott has qualities that promise to make him a great judge. He is intelligent,
industrious, and intellectually honest. Scott loves the law as living
history. Personal experience has given Scott a profound sense of human
solidarity with the flawed, vulnerable, sad people who populate our cases
and our courthouses.
In Nicky and Matthew, Scott has two rambunctious and irreverent young
sons who will, like my boys, prove to be a powerful antidote to the potential
plague of judicial arrogance. More significantly, Scott has the genuine
understanding and support of a loving wife as he enters a lonely profession.
I commend the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor for selecting Scott,
and the Governor's Council for unanimously confirming his nomination.
I congratulate Scott's new colleagues on the Massachusetts Appeals Court,
for I know Scott will contribute greatly to both their capacity and their
collegiality.
I would like to conclude by repeating something I wrote to Scott on the
day he arrived to work with me in 1986, and have reiterated to all my
law clerks since then.
In 1976, my then employer, Attorney General Edward H. Levi, made the following
remarks in introducing the late Judge Henry Friendly [, the highly respected
former Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]. [The
Attorney General] said:
The dimensions of the law can be narrow, its directions can be erratic,
responsive to whims and fads. The law can be lost in technicality, confused
in its purposes. This is not true when law finds its proper spokesman,
when the craftsman is combined with the humanist, when the issues of
public policy are seen in the light of history, when the spokesman speaks
within the defined conception of the role of law, lawyers, and the function
of the courts.
Then, I wrote, "Mr. Levi described an ambitious ideal, which I hope you
will share with me."
Scott naturally shared that ideal. Today, he embodies it.
Scott will now have the joy and the duty of pursuing that ideal professionally
as a judge of the Massachusetts Appeals Court. In the process, our common
law and our Commonwealth will be enriched.
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